The Effect of Using Kwl (Know, Want, Learned) Strategy on...

THE EFFECT OF USING KWL (KNOW, WANT, LEARNED) STRATEGY ON EFL STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION ACHIEVEMENT By: Risnawati (Lecturer of English Department at IAIN Bengkulu) Abstract: There is a fact that most of the Secondary School students are still low in comprehending reading texts. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to see whether the use of KWL (Know, Want, Learned) strategy was effective in improving the students’ reading comprehension achievement in learning English as a Foreign Language. Non-equivalent groups pretest-posttest design was used in this study. The population was the eightth grade students of SMPN 4 Palembang in academic year of 2009/2010 with a total number of 326 students. Out of this†¦show more content†¦To read to learn effectively students need to integrate new material into their existing knowledge base, construct new understanding, and adapt existing conceptions and beliefs as needed. According to a study by Pearson, Rochler, Dole, and Duffy (1992) on â€Å"Developing expertise in reading comprehension†, a good reader usually using prior knowledge to make sense of new information; ask que stion about the text before, during, and after reading; draw inferences from text; monitor comprehension; use fix up strategies when meaning breaks down; determine what is important; and synthesize information to create sensory image. To encourage students to develop effective reading skills, there are various teaching and learning strategies that can be used by the teachers in classroom. Most of the teaching and learning strategies usually focus on a particular strategy or skill. KWL (Know, Want, Learned) strategy is one of teaching and learning strategies used mainly for information text (Ogle, 1986). Its aims are more diverse. It helps readers elicit prior knowledge of the topic of the text; set a purpose for reading; monitor their comprehension; asses their comprehension of the text; and expand ideas beyond the text. Ogle (1986) developed the strategy for helping students to access important background information before reading nonfiction. The KWL strategy (accessing what I kno w, determining what I want to find out, recalling what did

The Theoretical Frameworks Within Social Psychology Essay

Behaviorism is one of the main theoretical frameworks within social psychology, its main objective is to predict and control human behavior. The approach of this paper aims to provide a broad overview regarding to the historical background that contributed to the emergence of this theory, its founders, and their philosophical and methodological foundations of behaviorism. Behaviorism is primarily focused on observable behavior rather than on the thought process or emotion. This school of thought can be split into two main fields: Classical conditioning (Pavlov, Watson) and Operant conditioning (Thorndike, Skinner) Classical conditioning can be defined as â€Å"reflexive or automatic type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus.† (McLeod, 2013) This means taking a neutral stimulus and pairing it with an unconditional stimulus that provides the unconditioned response. Operant conditioning is not con cerned with automatic responses or reflexes. The science behind operant conditioning is learned behavior and autonomous responses. It bases the responses on reward and punishment system to observe if it strengthens or weakens a certain conscious behavior. Dr. Ivan Pavlov was a Russian scientist who lived from 1849-1936. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology. Trying to study the digestive system of dogs, he came a cross a legendary discovery. Pavlov birthed the first theory of behaviorism, whichShow MoreRelatedMy Worldview Reflects Who I Am A Hmong Woman982 Words   |  4 PagesTheoretical Orientation My worldview reflects who I am a Hmong woman, but most importantly my assumptions and beliefs in how I view and interpret the world around me. As previously discussed, the underlining foundation of my worldview lies within the nature of relationships formation, early childhood relationships, affect, and instilment of hope. 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Personal finance final exam Example

Essays on Personal finance final exam Essay True 2. False 3. True 4. True 5. True 6. False 7. True 8. True 9. False 10. True 11. True 12. False 13. True 14. False 15. False 16. True 17. True 18. True 19. False 20. True 21. Liquidity 22. Property taxes 23. A mortgage 24. In which investors pay a commission (or sales charge) every time they purchase shares. 25. Forgo the opportunity to keep the cash in an interest-bearing account 26. Pay for damages that a tenant might cause during his or her occupancy 27. Speculative 28. Your current income and payment 29. Blue chip 30. Decrease in value in secondary market 31. Net asset value 32. No load 33. Intestate 34. All these factors are vitally important 35. Executor or executrix 36. Everybody needs a financial plan to ensure that the goals of an individual are met. This can be backed up by a number of reasons. Firstly, the plan ensures that one is following the track and that he or she is headed in the right direction. The plan will enable the planner to make decision on what should be bought, amount to spend on entertainment, and even future savings (Varian, 86). Secondly, the plan help in regulating expenses adjust some factors that led to increase in revenue and identifying risks in time. A number of steps may be considered, which include being aware of the current financial status which include expenses, savings and the income. Individual goals are a priority in this planning, by considering the current economic situation, regarding how to balance between the social needs, household needs and other luxury items. Due to uncertainties, alternative courses may be identified. For instance increasing the amount saved with increase in returns or changing the m oney saving account. There is need to evaluate the plan and make changes in appropriate areas to ensure that it is up to date (Varian, 104). 37. Career would be the best choice after schooling since it gives a chance for development of the desired skills and ambitions. In addition, it will enable me focus all my energy and develop my gifts. In this regard, I will completely plan all my activities to ensure that I have utilized my talent, time, and chances to the maximum, and will need to be autonomous. 38. The best type of housing after graduating would be an apartment. An apartment will be affordable, considering the fact that I have just graduated from college. In the same time, I am yet to have a family, which will require expanded house. 39. Sample personal balance sheet ASSETS. TOTALS Savings account 400 Vehicle 5000 Personal loans 100 Personal property 900 Others 200 Total assets 6600 LIABILITIES. TOTALS Personal debts 120 Unsecured loan 400 Credit card 1000 Total liabilities 1520 Net worth 5080 Total assets and liabilities 6600 Table 1.personal balance sheet (Varian, 234) Sample personal income statement Monthly Income Statement for the month of April 2012 INCOME Income from an enterprise 4000 Other income 600 Total income 4600 EXPENSES Expenses on savings 20 Food 300 Rent 300 Transport 100 Medical 300 Clothing 500 Others 100 Total expenses 1620 Net income 2980 Table 2. Personal income statement (Varian, 258) Work Cited Varian, Hal. Microeconomics Analysis (3rd edition). New York: Norton Company, 1992. 60-260. Print.

Effect of Rhizobia in Plant Yeild free essay sample

The factors affecting plant yield: light level Abstract The factors affecting Zee Mays, maize (CO) and Pious sati, or pea (CO) plant yield and growth patterns placed under shade and full sunlight were investigated. 20 platelets placed into four vermiculite compost pots (5 from each planet) and submitted to fertilizer or no fertilizer. And after 4 weeks the results showed that maize grown in light with no fertilizer had a higher relative growth rate and root to shoot ratio indicating the allocation favored root development. Meanwhile pea with fertilizer and no light had a higher growth rate and shoot was more allocated since his CO plants were long. Introduction All organisms sense and interact with their environment. This is particularly true of plants. Plant survival and growth is critically influenced by biotic factors including water, wind, and light. But most importantly (in our experiment) light as it physical alters temperature which directly affects photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration loss of water and absorption of water and nutrients. The rate of these processes increases with an increase in temperature responses is different with different crops. The extent of growth and yield responses of plants to elevated CO depends on the photosynthetic pathway. Crops with CO photosynthesis will respond markedly to increasing CO concentrations. Common CO crops are small grain cereals (wheat, rice, barley, oat, and rye); grain legumes or pulses (soybean, peanut, various beards and peas); root and tuber crops (potato, cassava, sweet potato, sugar beet, yams); most oil, fruit, nut, vegetable, and crops; and temperate-zone (cool-climate) forage and grassland species. Zionist et al,. 1981) In contrast, plants with CO photosynthesis ill respond little to rising atmospheric CO because a mechanism to increase the concentration of CO in leaves causes CO saturation of photosynthesis at current ambient concentrations. Common CO crops are maize (corn), sugarcane, sorghum, millet, and many tropical and subtropical zone (warm-climate) gras s species (Reunion et al,. 2010). The CO photosynthetic carbon cycle is an elaborated addition to the CO photosynthetic pathway. It evolved as an adaptation to high light intensities, high temperatures, and dryness. Therefore, CO plants dominate grassland floras and mommas production in the warmer climates of the tropical and subtropical regions. In all plants CO is fixed by the enzyme Rubrics. It catalysts the carbonization of rebellious-I ,5-phosphate, leading to two molecules of 3-phosphorescently. Instead of CO, Rubrics can also add oxygen to rebellious-I ,5-phosphate, resulting in one molecule each of 3-phosphorescently and 2-phosphorescently. Phosphorescently has no known metabolic purpose and in higher concentrations it is toxic for the plant. Bingham, 1984) It therefore has to be processed in a metabolic pathway called photoengraving. Photoengraving is not only energy demanding, but furthermore leads to a net loss of CO. Thus the efficiency of photosynthesis can be decreased by 40% under unfavorable conditions including high temperatures and dryness The intolerable oxygenate reaction to Rubrics can be explained as a relic to the evolutionary history of this enzyme, which evolved more tha n 3 billion years ago when atmospheric CO concentrations were high and oxygen concentrations low. Apparently, later on, it was impossible to alter the enzymes properties or to exchange Rubrics by another carboxylic. Nevertheless, plants developed different ways to cope with this problem. Perhaps the most successful solution was CO photosynthesis. (Run-on et al,. 2010) Material and methods A trays of pea and maize seedlings (2 trays of each), 7 days old, grown in coarse vermiculite was issued. To experiment the comparison between treatments species, or within species under different growing regimes. Standard growing conditions in the growth room were ?ICC daytime/?19 co night, in a 16-h photodiode. Results and Discussion Figure 1: root and shoot length (CM) of Zee Mays, maize and Pious sati, pea grown n shade and full solar radiation over 4 weeks. (n=5) According figure 1, the maize in treatment 2 which represent platelets grown in sunlight with no fertilizer has the highest allocation in root, shoot and leaves. Relative to all other maize in other treatments, but the error bars shows that this treatment for maize also has among the highest standard deviation, which meaner there is a huge difference between the sample mean, low and highest value. Maize in treatment 1 (had both sunlight and fertilizer), 3 (fertilizer only/ no sunlight) and 4 (no sunlight/ no fertilizer) had more or sees similar allocations in their source and sinks (leaves, shoots and roots). The pea had the lowest allocation of the trio leaves, roots and shoot in treatment 1 (where both sunlight and fertilizer were present) relative to other pea in other treatments. And the pea in treatment 3 (fertilizer and no light) and 4 which had no light and no fertilizer, but allocations were distributed differently. Treatment 3 had negative mean for shoot which mean the shoot did not increase after treatment thus the final was less than the initial shoot length and there was no leave change ( in number) and the tots had the highest mean in this treatment. This meaner that pea platelets in this treatment chose to allocate more on roots than for shoot and leaves. Treatment 4 on the other hand had positive allocation mean for shoot and roots and non for leaves. The roots were again allocated more than the shoots. Table 1: root and shoot relative growth rate of Zee Mays, maize and Pious sati, pea grown in shade and full solar radiation over 4 weeks. (n=5) Sample Treatment N Relative growth rate Roots shoots Maize Shade / fertilizer 5 0. 0718 0. 0936 Shade / no fertilizer 0. 052 0. 086 Light / no fertilizer Pea Shade fertilizer Shade no fertilizer Light fertilizer Light no fertilizer 0. 1280. 154 5 0. 0231 0. 114 0. 0129 0. 146 5 -0. 033 0. 0495 -0. 032 0. 00681 Figure 2: root and shoot relative growth rate of Zee Mays, maize and Pious sati, pea grown in shade and full solar radiation over 4 weeks. N=5) Using shoot and root lengths to measure relative growth of our platelets after treatment. Treatment 2 (no fertilizer and in sunlight) for maize has the highest root and shoot relative growth rates. Meanwhile pea had it highest RIG in treatment 3 and 4 (3=fertilizer and no sunlight/ 4= no fret and sunlight). This tells us that the maize allocated more or less evenly in both shoot and root hence t he platelets were tall and fibrous in roots. But the pea allocated more in 3 / 4 for shoots , so the root: shoot ratio was not even thus the platelets were tall and moderately rooted. We could get or measure the actual biomass, due to the fact that we were given a small number of seeds ( n =5) so since biomass uses dry weight it will sacrificing 3 of 5 seeds for each treatment and specie size or pea. Which will leave us with 2 seeds to experiment on which will not be valid to experiment on. Since in experiment science we require variability and randomness which we would not get from two seeds. Plants grown in full light suffer mostly from excess light which leads to limited carbon dioxide, since water and co share the same route in and out the plant which is the stomata. When there is too much light the plant transpires via evaporative cooling and loses water thus to overcome this lose they close their stomata which limited not only the water but also the co. Two features of the CO cycle in CO plants overcome the deleterious effects of higher temperature on photosynthesis that were noted earlier. First, the affinity of PEP carboxylic for its substrate, HCI, is sufficiently high that the enzyme is saturated by HCI in equilibrium with air levels of co. Furthermore, because the substrate is HCI and oxygen is not a competitor in the reaction.